05.12A · Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins

Course 12 — Case-control studies

Course and questions · 50 pages

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Case-Control Studies

Review: Survival Analysis

2Survival Function S(t)3Kaplan-Meier Estimator 4Hazard & Hazard Ratio

5Course Objectives

Case-Control Study Design

6Prospective Study Principle 7Limits of Prospective Studies 8Case-Control Logic Diagram 9Case-Control Principle 10Advantages & Limitations

Odds & Odds Ratio

11Association Measure & 2×2 Table 12Meaning of a, b, c, d 13Odds Definition 14Exposure Odds Among Cases 15Exposure Odds Among Controls 16Odds Ratio Definition 17Cross-Product Formula

18Two Directions in Prospective Studies 19Exposure Odds Only in Case-Control 20Exposure OR Equals Disease OR

Odds & Odds Ratio

21Interpreting the Odds Ratio

OR Approximates RR When Rare

22Rare-Disease Approximation Formula 23Numerical Example

Odds & Odds Ratio

24Testing & Confidence Interval

Example: Malnutrition in Nepal

25Global Malnutrition Prevalence Map 26Nepal Study Design 27Results: Birth Interval OR = 4.17

Exposure Factor Types

28Binary vs Multi-Category Exposures 29Multi-Category Example: Age Groups 30Adding Continuous Exposures 31Continuous Exposures: Categorize vs Regression

Logistic Regression

32Why Not Linear Regression 33Logistic Model: Log-Odds Equation 34Logit Transformation 35Interpreting Coefficient b

Example: Retained Surgical Instruments

36NEJM Study Design 37Results: Multivariate ORs

Logistic Regression

38Multiple Logistic Regression 39Logistic Regression Summary

40Association vs Causality Warning

41Confounding Motivation 42Matched Case-Control Design 43Paired Analysis: Four Pair Types 44McNemar Odds Ratio = B/C

Example: Litchi Encephalopathy

45Muzaffarpur Study Design 46Litchi Toxins: Hypoglycin A & MCPG 47Epidemic Curve & Exposure Table 48Naive vs Matched Analysis

49Conclusions 50Next Session Preview

05.12APage 1Case-Control StudiesTitle Slide

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 1

05.12APage 2Case-Control StudiesReview: Survival AnalysisSurvival Function S(t)

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 2

05.12APage 3Case-Control StudiesReview: Survival AnalysisKaplan-Meier Estimator

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 3

05.12APage 4Case-Control StudiesReview: Survival AnalysisHazard & Hazard Ratio

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 4

05.12APage 5Case-Control StudiesCourse Objectives

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 5

05.12APage 6Case-Control StudiesCase-Control Study DesignProspective Study Principle

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 6

05.12APage 7Case-Control StudiesCase-Control Study DesignLimits of Prospective Studies

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 7

05.12APage 8Case-Control StudiesCase-Control Study DesignCase-Control Logic Diagram

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 8

05.12APage 9Case-Control StudiesCase-Control Study DesignCase-Control Principle

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 9

05.12APage 10Case-Control StudiesCase-Control Study DesignAdvantages & Limitations

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 10

05.12APage 11Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioAssociation Measure & 2×2 Table

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 11

05.12APage 12Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioMeaning of a, b, c, d

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 12

05.12APage 13Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioOdds Definition

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 13

05.12APage 14Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioExposure Odds Among Cases

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 14

05.12APage 15Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioExposure Odds Among Controls

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 15

05.12APage 16Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioOdds Ratio Definition

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 16

05.12APage 17Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioCross-Product Formula

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 17

05.12APage 18Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioOR SymmetryTwo Directions in Prospective Studies

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 18

05.12APage 19Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioOR SymmetryExposure Odds Only in Case-Control

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 19

05.12APage 20Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioOR SymmetryExposure OR Equals Disease OR

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 20

05.12APage 21Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioInterpreting the Odds Ratio

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 21

05.12APage 22Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioOR Approximates RR When RareRare-Disease Approximation Formula

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 22

05.12APage 23Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioOR Approximates RR When RareNumerical Example

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 23

05.12APage 24Case-Control StudiesOdds & Odds RatioTesting & Confidence Interval

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 24

05.12APage 25Case-Control StudiesExample: Malnutrition in NepalGlobal Malnutrition Prevalence Map

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 25

05.12APage 26Case-Control StudiesExample: Malnutrition in NepalNepal Study Design

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 26

05.12APage 27Case-Control StudiesExample: Malnutrition in NepalResults: Birth Interval OR = 4.17

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 27

05.12APage 28Case-Control StudiesExposure Factor TypesBinary vs Multi-Category Exposures

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 28

05.12APage 29Case-Control StudiesExposure Factor TypesMulti-Category Example: Age Groups

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 29

05.12APage 30Case-Control StudiesExposure Factor TypesAdding Continuous Exposures

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 30

05.12APage 31Case-Control StudiesExposure Factor TypesContinuous Exposures: Categorize vs Regression

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 31

05.12APage 32Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionWhy Not Linear Regression

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 32

05.12APage 33Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionLogistic Model: Log-Odds Equation

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 33

05.12APage 34Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionLogit Transformation

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 34

05.12APage 35Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionInterpreting Coefficient b

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 35

05.12APage 36Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionExample: Retained Surgical InstrumentsNEJM Study Design

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 36

05.12APage 37Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionExample: Retained Surgical InstrumentsResults: Multivariate ORs

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 37

05.12APage 38Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionMultiple Logistic Regression

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 38

05.12APage 39Case-Control StudiesLogistic RegressionLogistic Regression Summary

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 39

05.12APage 40Case-Control StudiesAssociation vs Causality Warning

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 40

05.12APage 41Case-Control StudiesMatchingConfounding Motivation

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 41

05.12APage 42Case-Control StudiesMatchingMatched Case-Control Design

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 42

05.12APage 43Case-Control StudiesMatchingPaired Analysis: Four Pair Types

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 43

05.12APage 44Case-Control StudiesMatchingMcNemar Odds Ratio = B/C

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 44

05.12APage 45Case-Control StudiesExample: Litchi EncephalopathyMuzaffarpur Study Design

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 45

05.12APage 46Case-Control StudiesExample: Litchi EncephalopathyLitchi Toxins: Hypoglycin A & MCPG

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 46

05.12APage 47Case-Control StudiesExample: Litchi EncephalopathyEpidemic Curve & Exposure Table

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 47

05.12APage 48Case-Control StudiesExample: Litchi EncephalopathyNaive vs Matched Analysis

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 48

05.12APage 49Case-Control StudiesConclusions

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 49

05.12APage 50Case-Control StudiesNext Session Preview

Cours 12 — Études cas-témoins page 50