15D.01 · Normal et pathologique

Normal and pathological

Personne, Santé, Société (PSS) 2025-2026 · 35 pages

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Normal & Pathological

1Recording Notice 2Title Slide 3Lecture Agenda 4Learning Objectives

Health & Disease

5Why a Norm?6Definitions of Norm 7Medically Unexplained Symptoms 8MUS Syndrome Overlap 9MUS Patient Experience 10DSM Critique 11DSM as Pathology Creator 12Norm vs Pathology Boundary

Gaussian Approach

13Lab Values: Normal or Abnormal?14Normal Values → Reference Interval 1595% Gaussian Assumption 16Five Reasons Gaussian Fails

Gaussian Limits

17Weight, Age, Gender, Ethnicity 18Population Cholesterol Variation 19Migration Shifts Distribution 20Non-Gaussian Distributions 21Confounders: Pseudo-Normal Urea 22Pseudo-Normal Creatinine 23Health–Disease Overlap 24Individual vs Population Normal 25Atypical Within Reference Range 26Inter- vs Intra-Individual Variability 27Interpreting Atypical Results 28Compare & Repeat Tests 29Multiple Testing Fallacy

Reference vs Decision Limits

30Comparators Not Arbiters 31Glucose: Reference vs Diabetes Threshold 32Glucose Example (cont.)33Summary Comparison Table

34Take-Home Points (1)35Take-Home Points (2)

15D.01Page 1Normal & PathologicalRecording Notice

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15D.01Page 2Normal & PathologicalTitle Slide

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15D.01Page 3Normal & PathologicalLecture Agenda

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15D.01Page 4Normal & PathologicalLearning Objectives

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15D.01Page 5Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseWhy a Norm?

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15D.01Page 6Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseDefinitions of Norm

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15D.01Page 7Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseMedically Unexplained Symptoms

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15D.01Page 8Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseMUS Syndrome Overlap

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15D.01Page 9Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseMUS Patient Experience

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15D.01Page 10Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseDSM Critique

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15D.01Page 11Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseDSM as Pathology Creator

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15D.01Page 12Normal & PathologicalHealth & DiseaseNorm vs Pathology Boundary

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15D.01Page 13Normal & PathologicalGaussian ApproachLab Values: Normal or Abnormal?

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15D.01Page 14Normal & PathologicalGaussian ApproachNormal Values → Reference Interval

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15D.01Page 15Normal & PathologicalGaussian Approach95% Gaussian Assumption

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15D.01Page 16Normal & PathologicalGaussian ApproachFive Reasons Gaussian Fails

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15D.01Page 17Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsWeight, Age, Gender, Ethnicity

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15D.01Page 18Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsPopulation Cholesterol Variation

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15D.01Page 19Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsMigration Shifts Distribution

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15D.01Page 20Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsNon-Gaussian Distributions

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15D.01Page 21Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsConfounders: Pseudo-Normal Urea

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15D.01Page 22Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsPseudo-Normal Creatinine

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15D.01Page 23Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsHealth–Disease Overlap

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15D.01Page 24Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsIndividual vs Population Normal

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15D.01Page 25Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsAtypical Within Reference Range

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15D.01Page 26Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsInter- vs Intra-Individual Variability

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15D.01Page 27Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsInterpreting Atypical Results

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15D.01Page 28Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsCompare & Repeat Tests

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15D.01Page 29Normal & PathologicalGaussian LimitsMultiple Testing Fallacy

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15D.01Page 30Normal & PathologicalReference vs Decision LimitsComparators Not Arbiters

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15D.01Page 31Normal & PathologicalReference vs Decision LimitsGlucose: Reference vs Diabetes Threshold

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15D.01Page 32Normal & PathologicalReference vs Decision LimitsGlucose Example (cont.)

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15D.01Page 33Normal & PathologicalReference vs Decision LimitsSummary Comparison Table

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15D.01Page 34Normal & PathologicalKey MessagesTake-Home Points (1)

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15D.01Page 35Normal & PathologicalKey MessagesTake-Home Points (2)

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