10B.01 · Mécanique thoracique

Thoracic mechanics

Système respiratoire · 49 pages

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Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle Statics

1Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle Statics 2Learning Objectives 3Course Outline

Components of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle System

4Components of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle System 5The Thorax and Compliance 6Respiratory Muscles 7Lung Elastic Recoil and Pleural Pressure 8Why Lungs Tend to Collapse 9Alveolar Interdependence 10Surface Tension and Laplace's Law 11Surfactant Stabilizes Alveoli

Pressure-Volume Relationships

12Pressure-Volume Relationships 13P-V Curve: Isolated Lung 14P-V Curves: Lung Alone vs Thorax Alone 15Combined P-V Curve: Introduction 16Combined System: Thought Experiment 17Combined System: Reaching Equilibrium 18Negative Pleural Pressure at Equilibrium 19FRC as Equilibrium Volume 20Separate Curves Revisited 21FRC: Balanced Recoil Forces 22Summing Recoil Forces 23Compliance Varies with Volume

Role of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax System

24Role of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax System 25Muscles Counter System Recoil 26Spontaneous Breathing at Rest 27Breathing at High Lung Volume 28Static Work at High Volume: Holding Cost 29Static Work at High Volume: Hatched Area 30Static Work: Spontaneous Breathing Near FRC

Lung Volume Definitions and Determinants

31Lung Volume Definitions and Determinants 32Key Lung Volumes: TLC, FRC, RV, VC, TV 33TLC Determinants: Compliance and Muscle Strength 34TLC: Inspiratory Muscle Pressure Limit 35TLC: Effect of Muscle Weakness 36TLC: Effect of Reduced Lung Compliance 37TLC: Effect of Reduced Thoracic Compliance 38FRC: Compliance-Dependent Equilibrium 39FRC: Only Changed by Compliance 40FRC: Decreased Lung Compliance Example 41Residual Volume Determinants 42Residual Volume: Expiratory Muscle Limit

Intrathoracic Pressures

43Intrathoracic Pressures 44Intrapleural Pressure Definition 45Pleural Pressure vs Lung Volume 46Pleural Pressure vs Lung Compliance 47Transmural Pressure on Bronchi and Vessels

48Summary 49Sources

10B.01Page 1Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle Statics

Mécanique thoracique page 1

10B.01Page 2Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLearning Objectives

Mécanique thoracique page 2

10B.01Page 3Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsCourse Outline

Mécanique thoracique page 3

10B.01Page 4Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle System

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10B.01Page 5Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle SystemThe Thorax and Compliance

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10B.01Page 6Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle SystemRespiratory Muscles

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10B.01Page 7Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle SystemLung Elastic Recoil and Pleural Pressure

Mécanique thoracique page 7

10B.01Page 8Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle SystemWhy Lungs Tend to Collapse

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10B.01Page 9Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle SystemAlveolar Interdependence

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10B.01Page 10Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle SystemSurface Tension and Laplace's Law

Mécanique thoracique page 10

10B.01Page 11Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsComponents of the Lung-Thorax-Muscle SystemSurfactant Stabilizes Alveoli

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10B.01Page 12Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume Relationships

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10B.01Page 13Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsP-V Curve: Isolated Lung

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10B.01Page 14Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsP-V Curves: Lung Alone vs Thorax Alone

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10B.01Page 15Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsCombined P-V Curve: Introduction

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10B.01Page 16Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsCombined System: Thought Experiment

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10B.01Page 17Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsCombined System: Reaching Equilibrium

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10B.01Page 18Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsNegative Pleural Pressure at Equilibrium

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10B.01Page 19Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsFRC as Equilibrium Volume

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10B.01Page 20Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsSeparate Curves Revisited

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10B.01Page 21Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsFRC: Balanced Recoil Forces

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10B.01Page 22Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsSumming Recoil Forces

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10B.01Page 23Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsPressure-Volume RelationshipsCompliance Varies with Volume

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10B.01Page 24Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsRole of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax System

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10B.01Page 25Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsRole of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax SystemMuscles Counter System Recoil

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10B.01Page 26Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsRole of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax SystemSpontaneous Breathing at Rest

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10B.01Page 27Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsRole of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax SystemBreathing at High Lung Volume

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10B.01Page 28Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsRole of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax SystemStatic Work at High Volume: Holding Cost

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10B.01Page 29Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsRole of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax SystemStatic Work at High Volume: Hatched Area

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10B.01Page 30Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsRole of Muscles in the Lung-Thorax SystemStatic Work: Spontaneous Breathing Near FRC

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10B.01Page 31Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and Determinants

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10B.01Page 32Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsKey Lung Volumes: TLC, FRC, RV, VC, TV

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10B.01Page 33Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsTLC Determinants: Compliance and Muscle Strength

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10B.01Page 34Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsTLC: Inspiratory Muscle Pressure Limit

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10B.01Page 35Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsTLC: Effect of Muscle Weakness

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10B.01Page 36Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsTLC: Effect of Reduced Lung Compliance

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10B.01Page 37Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsTLC: Effect of Reduced Thoracic Compliance

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10B.01Page 38Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsFRC: Compliance-Dependent Equilibrium

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10B.01Page 39Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsFRC: Only Changed by Compliance

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10B.01Page 40Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsFRC: Decreased Lung Compliance Example

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10B.01Page 41Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsResidual Volume Determinants

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10B.01Page 42Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsLung Volume Definitions and DeterminantsResidual Volume: Expiratory Muscle Limit

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10B.01Page 43Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsIntrathoracic Pressures

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10B.01Page 44Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsIntrathoracic PressuresIntrapleural Pressure Definition

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10B.01Page 45Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsIntrathoracic PressuresPleural Pressure vs Lung Volume

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10B.01Page 46Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsIntrathoracic PressuresPleural Pressure vs Lung Compliance

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10B.01Page 47Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsIntrathoracic PressuresTransmural Pressure on Bronchi and Vessels

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10B.01Page 48Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsSummary

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10B.01Page 49Respiratory Mechanics: Lung-Thorax-Muscle StaticsSources

Mécanique thoracique page 49