10B.03 · Hématose et rapports V/Q

Gas exchange and V/Q relationships

Système respiratoire · 47 pages

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Gas Exchange and V/Q Relationships

1Gas Exchange and V/Q Relationships 2Learning Objectives 3Course Outline 4Introduction and Nomenclature

Alveolo-Capillary Diffusion

5Alveolo-Capillary Diffusion 6Fick's Law and Diffusing Capacity 7Influence of Alveolar Air Composition 8Influence of Membrane Characteristics 9Influence of Hemoglobin 10Influence of Cardiac Output

Determinants of Alveolar Gas Composition

11Determinants of Alveolar Gas Composition 12Three Determinants Overview 13Composition of Inspired Air 14Alveolar Ventilation and Dead Space 15Alveolar Gas Equation 16Influence of Metabolism 17Metabolism and VA Adaptation 18Metabolism and VA Adaptation (cont.)19Respiratory Quotient Effect

Determinants of Capillary Perfusion

20Determinants of Capillary Perfusion 21Pulmonary Circulation: Low Pressure 22Pulmonary Vascular Resistance 23Vascular Resistance and Lung Volume 24Hypoxic Vasoconstriction 25Vasoactive Substances

V/Q Ratio Heterogeneity

26V/Q Ratio Heterogeneity 27Distribution of Ventilation 28Distribution of Perfusion 29V/Q Ratio Distribution by Gravity 30V/Q Values Apex to Base 31Local Factors in V/Q Distribution 32Physiological V/Q Heterogeneity Summary 33Impact: Normal V/Q Alveoli 34Impact: Low V/Q Alveoli 35Impact: High V/Q Alveoli 36Impact: Blood Mixing Asymmetry 37Pathological V/Q Dispersion 38Shunt Effect and Dead Space Effect 39Extreme V/Q: Total Shunt and Dead Space 40Hyperventilation and O2 Therapy Effects 41CO2 and V/Q Heterogeneity 42CO2: Ventilation Control Exceptions

Alveolar-Arterial O2 Gradient

43Alveolar-Arterial O2 Gradient 44Genesis of A-a Gradient 45Anatomical Shunt and Venous Admixture 46Causes of Elevated A-a Gradient

10B.03Page 1Gas Exchange and V/Q Relationships

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 1

10B.03Page 2Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsLearning Objectives

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 2

10B.03Page 3Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsCourse Outline

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 3

10B.03Page 4Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsIntroduction and Nomenclature

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 4

10B.03Page 5Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolo-Capillary Diffusion

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 5

10B.03Page 6Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolo-Capillary DiffusionFick's Law and Diffusing Capacity

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 6

10B.03Page 7Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolo-Capillary DiffusionInfluence of Alveolar Air Composition

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 7

10B.03Page 8Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolo-Capillary DiffusionInfluence of Membrane Characteristics

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 8

10B.03Page 9Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolo-Capillary DiffusionInfluence of Hemoglobin

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 9

10B.03Page 10Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolo-Capillary DiffusionInfluence of Cardiac Output

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 10

10B.03Page 11Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas Composition

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 11

10B.03Page 12Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionThree Determinants Overview

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 12

10B.03Page 13Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionComposition of Inspired Air

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 13

10B.03Page 14Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionAlveolar Ventilation and Dead Space

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 14

10B.03Page 15Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionAlveolar Gas Equation

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 15

10B.03Page 16Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionInfluence of Metabolism

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 16

10B.03Page 17Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionMetabolism and VA Adaptation

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 17

10B.03Page 18Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionMetabolism and VA Adaptation (cont.)

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 18

10B.03Page 19Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Alveolar Gas CompositionRespiratory Quotient Effect

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 19

10B.03Page 20Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Capillary Perfusion

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 20

10B.03Page 21Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Capillary PerfusionPulmonary Circulation: Low Pressure

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 21

10B.03Page 22Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Capillary PerfusionPulmonary Vascular Resistance

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 22

10B.03Page 23Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Capillary PerfusionVascular Resistance and Lung Volume

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 23

10B.03Page 24Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Capillary PerfusionHypoxic Vasoconstriction

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 24

10B.03Page 25Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsDeterminants of Capillary PerfusionVasoactive Substances

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 25

10B.03Page 26Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio Heterogeneity

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 26

10B.03Page 27Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityDistribution of Ventilation

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 27

10B.03Page 28Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityDistribution of Perfusion

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 28

10B.03Page 29Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityV/Q Ratio Distribution by Gravity

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 29

10B.03Page 30Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityV/Q Values Apex to Base

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 30

10B.03Page 31Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityLocal Factors in V/Q Distribution

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 31

10B.03Page 32Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityPhysiological V/Q Heterogeneity Summary

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 32

10B.03Page 33Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityImpact: Normal V/Q Alveoli

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 33

10B.03Page 34Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityImpact: Low V/Q Alveoli

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 34

10B.03Page 35Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityImpact: High V/Q Alveoli

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 35

10B.03Page 36Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityImpact: Blood Mixing Asymmetry

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 36

10B.03Page 37Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityPathological V/Q Dispersion

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 37

10B.03Page 38Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityShunt Effect and Dead Space Effect

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 38

10B.03Page 39Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityExtreme V/Q: Total Shunt and Dead Space

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 39

10B.03Page 40Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityHyperventilation and O2 Therapy Effects

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 40

10B.03Page 41Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityCO2 and V/Q Heterogeneity

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 41

10B.03Page 42Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsV/Q Ratio HeterogeneityCO2: Ventilation Control Exceptions

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 42

10B.03Page 43Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolar-Arterial O2 Gradient

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 43

10B.03Page 44Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolar-Arterial O2 GradientGenesis of A-a Gradient

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 44

10B.03Page 45Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolar-Arterial O2 GradientAnatomical Shunt and Venous Admixture

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 45

10B.03Page 46Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsAlveolar-Arterial O2 GradientCauses of Elevated A-a Gradient

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 46

10B.03Page 47Gas Exchange and V/Q RelationshipsSources

Hématose et rapports V/Q page 47